Artificial intelligence simplifies life, but some researchers warn that this ease could have hidden costs.

The Importance of Friction

According to a study by the University of Toronto, "friction" – i.e., difficulty and effort – is fundamental to learning, motivation, and relationship building. AI, by automating tasks and providing instant answers, could bypass the processes that strengthen understanding and memory.

Emily Zohar, lead author of the study, explains that friction involves mental effort, such as persistence in solving a problem, which consolidates ideas and stimulates creativity. In relationships, friction manifests through disagreements and compromises, which broaden horizons.

AI without Friction: A Problem?

Frictionless AI excessively removes effort from cognitive and social tasks. Zohar points out that, although AI can improve outcomes, it could erode essential skills in the long term. For example, relying on AI for writing could reduce critical thinking skills and creativity.

Productive Friction

Productive friction falls in a middle ground: a manageable effort that leads to success. Zohar compares the difference between taking a chairlift and climbing a mountain: both lead to the top, but only the climb offers growth and learning.

A Future with More "Human" AI

Zohar suggests rethinking AI, making it more collaborative and less oriented towards instant answers. Instead of providing ready-made solutions, AI could guide the user through the thought process, promoting active learning. Companies may encounter initial resistance to a design that requires more effort, but in the long term it could foster greater engagement.