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Embryo scoring: The controversial frontier of preimplantation genetic testing
## The promise and risks of embryo scoring
The ability to select embryos based on desirable genetic characteristics is becoming a reality, thanks to preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). While many agree on the opportunity to exclude serious genetic diseases, the evaluation of traits such as physical appearance or intelligence raises strong controversies.
## PGT-P: a new frontier
PGT, available since the 1990s, has evolved with PGT-P, which analyzes hundreds of genetic variants to calculate statistical probabilities on the development of certain characteristics. Companies like Genomic Prediction and Orchid have paved the way, followed by Herasight and Nucleus Genomics, which promise to evaluate a wide range of traits, including intelligence.
## A heated debate
These tests, costing up to $50,000, are at the center of a heated debate. Criticisms range from fears of eugenics to questioning the clinical value of the scores obtained. Despite this, the practice is spreading, supported by leading figures in Silicio Valley, and is now available in over 100 clinics in the United States. Increased competition could lead to lower prices and improved PGT services.
## General context
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a procedure used during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Embryos are tested for genetic abnormalities before being implanted in the uterus. This technique offers couples at risk of transmitting genetic diseases the opportunity to have healthy children. PGD raises important ethical questions, particularly regarding the selection of embryos and the potential impact on human genetic diversity.
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